Magnetron sputtering is a versatile technique used for preparing high-quality thin films with controlled thickness, composition, and microstructure. It enables the deposition of metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, and other functional coatings and is widely applied in materials science, surface engineering, microelectronics, and energy-related research.
The laboratory operates an ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering system designed for thin-film deposition on substrates up to 4 inches in diameter. The system supports DC, RF, pulsed DC, and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) modes, and allows for multi-source operation, enabling co-sputtering, reactive sputtering, and multilayer film fabrication. Motorized substrate manipulation with rotation and controlled heating ensures uniform film growth and high process reproducibility. Integrated gas dosing and in situ thickness monitoring enable precise control of deposition conditions.
Key features
- Ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering platform for high-purity thin-film deposition
- Multi-source configuration enabling co-sputtering and reactive sputtering processes
- DC, RF, pulsed DC, and HiPIMS operation for conductive and insulating materials
- Motorized substrate handling with rotation and controlled heating
- In situ monitoring of film thickness and deposition rate
- Computer-controlled operation with reproducible, recipe-based workflows
- EDS analysis with integrated ThermoFisher EDS detection system
- Correlation microscopy with XPS
The Thermo Fisher Scientific Verios 5 UC scanning electron microscope (SEM) is equipped with a Schottky field emission source and a monochromator (UC+), which enables electron energy dispersion of less than 0.2 eV and is specified to have a resolution of 0.6 nm. Sample analysis can be performed at a range of accelerating voltages from 200 V to 30 kV. The integrated in-column detection system enables simultaneous detection of topography and material contrast. Verios 5 UC allows simultaneous imaging in transmission mode using the STEM3+ detector. Chemical composition analysis can be performed using an EDX detector and Pathfinder software with optimized conditions for spectral resolution and quantitative evaluation.
Key features
- High-resolution imaging at low landing energies with the use of a monochromated beam
- Simultaneous topography (ETD, TLD) and Z-contrast (MD, ICD) imaging
- STEM imaging with the use of a segmentated STEM3+ detector
- Automated mapping of big areas with the use of MAPS SW
- EDS analysis with integrated ThermoFisher EDS detection system
- Correlation microscopy with XPS
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a fundamental, non-destructive technique for analyzing the structure of materials, enabling the precise identification and quantification of crystalline phases, determination of crystallite size and microstrain, analysis of thin films, nanostructures, and textural properties. The method supports a wide range of applications—from routine quality control to advanced research on functional materials, battery components, and thin-film systems.
Our laboratory is equipped with the Empyrean Series 3 diffractometer (Malvern Panalytical), a highly flexible, modular multi-geometry XRD platform. The system supports reflection and transmission geometries, grazing-incidence measurements, SAXS/VSAXS, and X-ray reflectivity. Thanks to its modular optical architecture, rapid component exchange, and fully motorized sample positioning, the instrument offers exceptional adaptability for both standard and highly specialized experiments.
Key features
- Multi-geometry XRD platform
Support for reflection, transmission, grazing-incidence, SAXS, and reflectivity modes for comprehensive structural characterization. - High-precision sample positioning
Motorized XYZ translation (10–10–10 mm) with rotation/tilt capabilities and micro-beam analysis down to <300 × 300 µm for localized studies. - Atmosphere-controlled measurements
Capability to operate in air, vacuum, nitrogen, and a broad range of reactive gases, including H₂, CH₄, CO, and other reducing or oxidizing atmospheres. - Operando capability for energy materials
Dedicated holders for coin-cell batteries and an electrochemical cell for structural monitoring during charge–discharge cycling.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition and chemical states of material surfaces. By probing only the topmost atomic layers, XPS provides highly surface-sensitive information, enabling the accurate quantification of surface chemistry and a detailed analysis of chemical bonding environments. This makes the technique indispensable for advanced materials research and surface characterization.
Our laboratory is equipped with a Thermo Scientific Nexsa G2 XPS system, featuring a monochromated, micro-focused Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV). The instrument supports ion-beam etching for depth profiling and UPS measurements. It offers an adjustable X-ray spot size ranging from 10 to 400 µm, enabling the analysis of both small, localized features and larger heterogeneous areas. The system accommodates samples up to 20 mm in thickness.
Key features
- Automated multi-technique XPS platform
Fully automated system integrating vacuum control, acquisition, and data processing for streamlined surface analysis. - Monochromated micro-focused Al Kα source
High-stability X-ray source with adjustable spot size from 10 to 400 μm for precise analysis of small or heterogeneous areas. - High-resolution hemispherical analyzer
180° analyzer providing excellent energy resolution (<0.50 eV) for reliable chemical state identification. - Integrated ion source for depth profiling
Ion gun enabling controlled sputtering and depth-resolved chemical analysis.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR, also known as electron spin resonance, ESR) is a spectroscopic method for studying compounds—synthetic or biological—that contain unpaired electrons (radicals, metal centres, spin labels, defects, etc.). The unpaired electron spins can be excited in an applied magnetic field, producing resonance signals whose features (g-values, hyperfine splitting, line widths, relaxation behaviour) report on the local electronic environment, structure, dynamics, and interactions. Because EPR is non-invasive, it is also possible to perform in situ and even in vivo measurements (e.g. sensing O2, NO, radicals in biological systems), as well as mechanistic monitoring of radical reactions or spin probes in chemical and biochemical systems.
Key features
- High-sensitivity X-band CW EPR spectrometer
Operation in the X-band microwave region (9.0–9.9 GHz) provides highly sensitive continuous-wave EPR detection suitable for a wide range of solid and liquid samples. - Excellent absolute sensitivity
An absolute sensitivity of approximately 1 × 10¹⁰ spins / (1 G Hz) enables reliable detection of dilute or weakly paramagnetic systems. - Flexible magnetic field modulation and sweep range
Adjustable field modulation frequency from 100 Hz to 100 kHz and magnetic field sweep up to 2.0 T (20,000 G) ensure precise control across diverse experimental regimes. - Variable-temperature operation
A variable-temperature unit using nitrogen gas allows experiments over a broad temperature range of approximately 90 K to 600 K, covering cryogenic to elevated-temperature conditions.
Thermo Fisher Scientific Helios 5 CX Dual Beam is a scanning electron microscope equipped with a Ga ion beam (FIB-SEM). The electron column allows imaging with a resolution of up to 0.6 nm. Sample imaging can be performed at a range of accelerating voltages from 200 V to 30 kV. An integrated in-column detection system allows simultaneous detection of topography and material contrast. Helios 5 CX enables simultaneous imaging in transmission mode using the STEM3+ detector.
Modification of samples with the use of a Tomahawk™ ion column enables the high-precision preparation of lamellas for analysis in a transmission electron microscope and high-volume milling for the analysis of large areas. Chemical composition and crystallography analysis can be performed using a combination of EDS and EBSD detectors, along with Aztec software, under optimized conditions for spectral resolution and quantitative evaluation.
Key features
- High resolution imaging at low landing energies
- Simultaneous topography (ETD, TLD) and Z-contrast (MD, ICD) imaging
- STEM imaging with the use of a segmentated STEM3+ detector
- Automated mapping with the use of MAPS SW
- Semi-automated lamella preparation with the use of AutoTEM SW
- Automated 3D analysis with the use of Auto Slice & View SW
- Versatile Ion processing of materials with the use of Tomahawk™ HT Ga ion column
- Simultaneous EDS and EBSD analysis with integrated detectors from Oxford Instruments
The BD FACSLyric™ is a compact, flexible and high-throughput flow cytometer equipped with up to three lasers (blue, red, violet) and capable of analysing up to 12 fluorescence channels (and 14 parameters). It is designed for both research and clinical applications (depending on configuration), offering automation options (tube & plate loading), standardized workflows and strong performance for rare / dim population detection.
Key features
- Configuration
3 lasers (blue, red, violet) – 12 fluorescence colors / 14 parameters total (A/W/H for all channels + Time) - Lasers (solid-state)
405 nm 40 mW • 488 nm 20 mW • 640 nm 40 mW - Detectors
FSC: photodiode; SSC & fluorescence: PMTs - Max acquisition rate
Up to 35,000 events/s - Sensitivity (typ.)
FITC < 85 MESF; PE < 20 MESF; fluorescence precision < 3% CV (CEN) - Fluidics – sample flow rates
Low 12 μL/min • Medium 60 μL/min • High 120 μL/min • High-sensitivity 50 μL/min
The Edinburgh Instruments FLS1000 Research Fluorimeter is a state-of-the-art modular spectrometer for steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. It enables comprehensive characterization of emissive materials across a broad spectral range (230–1000 nm), supporting both liquid and solid samples under variable temperature conditions (77–300 K).
The system is fully computer-controlled via Fluoracle software, providing automated spectral correction, lifetime analysis, and quantum yield determination. The FLS1000 is ideal for investigating photophysical processes in nanomaterials, photocatalysts, and hybrid systems.
Key features
- Light sources
450 W xenon lamp (230–1000 nm), microsecond xenon flashlamp (0.1–100 Hz)
405 nm 40 mW • 488 nm 20 mW • 640 nm 40 mW - Excitation/ Emission Monochromators
Double Czerny-Turner configuration, f/4, 325 mm focal length, stray light suppression >10⁸, 0.01 nm step size - Detection
Extended red PMT (200–980 nm), TE-cooled to –20 °C, dark count <100 cps - TCSPC electronics
Temporal resolution <25 ps, 2.5 ns–50 μs window, up to 8192 bins - Accessories
Integrating sphere for absolute quantum yield, LN₂ cryostat (77–300 K), thermostated cuvette holder, solid/powder holder
The Agilent LC-QTOF 6530 is a high-resolution mass spectrometry system coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) platform. This system is designed for the accurate identification of complex mixtures in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and biomolecular analysis. It offers high sensitivity, fast data acquisition, and precise mass measurements, making it suitable for both qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses.
Key features
- HPLC System Model: Agilent 1290 Infinity II
• Flow Rate: 0.01–5.0 mL/min
• Maximum Pressure: up to 1200 bar
• Column Compartment Temperature Range: 4–110°C
• Autosampler Temperature Range: 4–40°C
• Solvent Compatibility: compatible with common organic solvents and aqueous - Mass Spectrometer Model: Agilent 6530 QTOF
• Ionization: Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
• Mass Range: 10–5000 m/z
• Mass Resolution: ~ 40,000 FWHM at m/z 922
• Mass Accuracy: <5 ppm with internal calibration
• Data Acquisition Modes: Full scan and MS/MS
• Scan Speed: up to 2 spectra/s Full scan, up to 5 spectra/s MS/MS - Typical Data Generated:
• High-resolution spectra suitable for identification of compounds in complex mixtures
The Agilent GC-QToF system is a high-resolution gas chromatography system coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, designed for the precise analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. It offers superior mass accuracy, sensitivity, and resolution, making it ideal for advanced applications in environmental analysis, forensics, food safety, and chemical research. The system enables accurate identification and quantification of complex compound mixtures with high confidence.
Key features
- Gas Chromatograph (GC 8590)
• Temperature range: up to 450°C
• Fast oven ramping for quick analysis
• Equipped with high-performance HP-5ms column (non-polar, low bleed, 15 m × 0.250 mm internal diameter × 0.25 μm film thickness, max working temperature: 325 °C) - Mass Spectrometer (GC-QToF 7280) Ionization: EI (Electron Ionization)
• Mass Range: 10–1050 m/z
• Sensitivity: <2 ppm with internal reference
• Data Acquisition Mode: Full scan, MS/MS - Typical Data Generated
• Total Ion Chromatograms (TIC)
• Extracted Ion Chromatograms (EIC)
• High-resolution mass spectra with accurate mass measurements
• MS/MS fragmentation spectra for structure elucidation.
This analytical platform is designed for the detailed characterization of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in liquid samples and sample headspace. The technique separates complex mixtures in the gas phase and combines this separation with spectrometric identification and quantitative signal evaluation. The system supports both compound identification and concentration determination using chromatographic retention behavior, together with spectral library matching. A flame ionization detector complements the mass-selective detector and provides a robust quantitative response for organic species. Automated headspace sampling enables efficient analysis of volatile components released from complex matrices while minimizing sample preparation steps.
Key features
- GC–MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds
- Dual detection using mass spectrometry and a flame ionization detector
- Automated headspace sampling for volatile fractions
- Library-supported compound identification and calibrated quantification
- Suitable for VOCs, fuels, flavors, pesticides, and derivatized analytes
This configuration is focused on the measurement of gaseous samples and light volatile components, including permanent gases and low-molecular hydrocarbons. It enables the separation of gas mixtures followed by selective detection using multiple complementary detector types.
The platform combines mass-selective detection with thermal-conductivity and flame-ionization detectors to cover a broad range of gas-phase analytes. Permanent gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide are determined using thermal conductivity detection, while carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon species are evaluated by FID and mass spectrometry. The system supports both qualitative identification and calibration-based quantification in gas analysis workflows.
Key features
- Dedicated analysis of gaseous and highly volatile compounds
- Combined MS, TCD, and FID detection in one platform
- Suitable for H2, CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and VOC gases
- Complementary identification and quantification strategies
- Reproducible, method-based gas analysis workflows
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) enables detailed characterization of complex liquid samples that cannot be analyzed by gas-phase techniques. The method is particularly suitable for polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable organic molecules, providing molecular- level insight alongside reliable quantitative data.
The LC–MS platform is used for routine and advanced analysis of organic compounds across a wide range of application areas. It supports the identification of unknown substances based on molecular ion signals and fragmentation patterns, as well as the accurate determination of concentrations using calibrated methods. The system is well-suited for purity evaluation, impurity and degradation profiling, and metabolite analysis in chemically complex matrices. Method-driven operation ensures high repeatability and analytical robustness.
Key features
- Qualitative and quantitative LC–MS analysis of polar and non-volatile compounds
- Suitable for thermally unstable and complex organic molecules
- Molecular mass–based compound identification (m/z)
- Purity testing and degradation/impurity profiling
- Applicable to pharmaceutical, biological, environmental, and food samples
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopic technique for investigating molecular structure, surface chemistry, and reaction mechanisms. In its diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) configuration, FTIR is particularly well suited for powders, porous materials, catalysts, and other heterogeneous samples for which conventional transmission measurements are impractical.
The available FTIR system is equipped with an evacuable optical bench and a DRIFTS module incorporating a versatile reaction cell capable of both low- and high-temperature operation. This setup enables in situ and operando measurements under controlled atmospheres, reduced pressure, or vacuum conditions.
Key features
- FTIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance (DRIFTS) mode for powders and heterogeneous samples
- Reaction cell supporting low-temperature (≈ -150 °C to 300 °C) and high-temperature (room temperature to ≈ 900 °C) measurements
- In situ and operando operation under vacuum or controlled atmospheres
- Broad spectral range (350-3500 cm-1) with high spectral resolution (0.5 cm-1)
- Ideal for studies of surface chemistry, catalysis, adsorption, and reaction monitoring
Raman microscopy provides non-destructive chemical and structural information with micrometer and sub-micrometer spatial resolution. By combining vibrational spectroscopy with optical microscopy, the method enables direct analysis of microscopic features, phase composition, and chemical heterogeneity in solids, coatings, biological samples, and functional materials.
The laboratory Raman microscope is configured for confocal microanalysis and automated chemical imaging. The system supports multiple laser excitation wavelengths with software-controlled switching, allowing optimization for fluorescence suppression and signal sensitivity. A motorized high-precision sample stage enables point mapping, depth profiling, and fast Raman imaging. Automated wavelength calibration and instrument self-tests ensure long-term spectral accuracy and reproducibility. The platform supports both routine measurements and advanced research workflows, including 2D and 3D Raman mapping.
Key features
- Confocal Raman microscopy with sub-micron spatial resolution
- Multi-laser excitation with software-controlled switching
- High-speed Raman imaging and mapping
- Depth profiling and 3D Raman analysis
- Non-destructive analysis of solids, coatings, and microstructures
The laboratory operates a set of advanced potentiostat/galvanostat platforms for single-, dual-, and multi-channel electrochemical measurements. The instrumentation supports a broad spectrum of electrochemical techniques ranging from routine voltammetry to high-frequency impedance spectroscopy and parallel multi-electrode experiments. The available systems differ in channel count, modular expandability, and experimental configuration, enabling both highly precise single-cell measurements and synchronized multi-sample testing. Selected units support electrochemical impedance spectroscopy up to high frequencies and can be configured for simultaneous multi-channel operation. The modular chassis architecture allows the installation of multiple independent measurement boards, enabling parallel experiments with different methods and signal ranges.
Key features
- Combination of single-, dual-, and multi-channel potentiostat/galvanostat platforms
- Modular multi-slot architecture enabling parallel independent measurements
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) capability up to the MHz range
- Support for advanced electrochemical techniques and method automation
- Configurations available for temperature-controlled electrochemical experiments
